Results
Monthly Cash Flow
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Annual Cash Flow
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Cap Rate
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Cash-on-Cash Return
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5-Year Total ROI (incl. appreciation)
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Break-Even Rent
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Monthly Mortgage (P&I)
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How It Works

This calculator uses standard real estate investment formulas to evaluate a rental property's profitability.

Monthly Cash Flow

Cash flow is the net income after all expenses are subtracted from collected rent.

Cash Flow = Collected Rent - Mortgage - Property Tax/12 - Insurance/12 - HOA - Maintenance - Management Fee

Collected rent accounts for the vacancy rate — the expected percentage of time the unit sits empty. Maintenance is charged on gross rent, while the property management fee is charged on the collected (occupied) rent.

Cap Rate

Capitalization rate measures the property's unleveraged return. It excludes financing.

Cap Rate = NOI / Purchase Price x 100

NOI (Net Operating Income) = Effective Gross Income - Operating Expenses (no mortgage).

Cash-on-Cash Return

This measures the return on the actual cash you invest (down payment + closing + renovation).

Cash-on-Cash = Annual Cash Flow / Total Cash Invested x 100

5-Year Total ROI

Projects your total return over a 5-year hold, including equity gain (appreciation + principal paydown) and cumulative cash flow, relative to your initial cash investment. For the projection, rent and maintenance are assumed to grow at the same annual rate as the property's appreciation.

Total ROI = (Equity at Year 5 + Cumulative Cash Flow - Cash Invested) / Cash Invested x 100

Break-Even Rent

The minimum monthly rent needed to achieve zero cash flow (all expenses covered).

Break-Even Rent = Fixed Monthly Expenses / ((1 - Vacancy%) x (1 - Mgmt%) - Maint%)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a good ROI for a rental property?

A cash-on-cash return of 8-12% is generally considered strong, though this varies significantly by market. Cap rates of 5-10% are typical for residential rental properties. These are common industry benchmarks, not guarantees, and vary by market.

How is cap rate different from cash-on-cash return?

Cap rate ignores financing and evaluates the property on its own merits. Cash-on-cash accounts for your specific mortgage and measures the return on your actual cash invested.

Why include a vacancy rate?

No rental property is occupied 100% of the time. A 5-8% vacancy rate is standard for most markets and ensures your analysis is realistic.

Should I manage the property myself?

If you plan to hire a property manager, include that cost (typically 8-12% of collected rent). If you self-manage, set this to 0% but consider the value of your time.

Cash on Cash Return Calculator

Rental ROI projects five years; cash-on-cash focuses on the annual income your invested cash generates. Investors watch it to compare deals that need different down payments. Screen potential properties and stress your assumptions before you commit.

Cash on Cash Return Calculator — read more

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